Cementum in dental anatomy outlines which part of a tooth?

Cementum is a specialized bony material that covers the roots of teeth. It plays a vital role in anchoring the tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone through the attachment of the periodontal ligament fibers. This anchorage is crucial for tooth stability within the jaw. Unlike the crown, which is covered by enamel, cementum forms a part of the tooth structure that is not visible above the gum line.

The crown of the tooth is primarily covered with enamel, which is the hardest substance in the human body and provides protection to the tooth. The pulp chamber contains the nerve and blood supply of the tooth but does not involve cementum. Thus, the correct answer is that cementum outlines the root of the tooth, serving an essential function in dental anatomy and health.