What can cause intrinsic stains in teeth?

Intrinsic stains are discolorations that occur within the substance of the tooth, as opposed to extrinsic stains, which are surface-level stains. The most common causes of intrinsic staining include factors such as medication use, particularly certain antibiotics like tetracycline, and trauma to the teeth, which can lead to internal bleeding or damage to the dental pulp. These issues can affect the development or coloration of the enamel and dentin layers of the teeth, resulting in a permanent change in color that cannot be removed with standard cleaning methods.

While poor oral hygiene, a high-sugar diet, and teeth grinding can contribute to dental health issues and even lead to extrinsic stains or other tooth damage, they do not cause intrinsic stains in the same way that medication and trauma do. Intrinsic staining is typically linked to factors that affect the tooth's internal structure or its development. Therefore, medication and trauma are key factors in understanding the sources of intrinsic tooth discoloration.