What is the condition caused by excessive fluoride ingestion during tooth development, commonly known as mottled enamel?

The condition characterized by mottled enamel due to excessive fluoride ingestion during the developmental stages of teeth is known as dental fluorosis. This condition occurs when a child consumes an excessive amount of fluoride while their teeth are forming, typically during the years when permanent teeth are developing beneath the gums.

Dental fluorosis manifests as changes in the appearance of the enamel, which can range from mild white spots or streaks to severe discoloration and pitting in the enamel. These changes are not only cosmetic but can also affect the structure of the enamel, although they usually do not lead to cavities.

In contrast, dental hypoplasia refers to a reduction in the amount of enamel produced, resulting in thin or incomplete enamel that can lead to increased susceptibility to decay. Enamel hypocalcification also involves changes in the enamel but is typically related to deficiencies in the mineralization process, leading to softer enamel. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition that affects enamel formation, resulting in imperfections regardless of fluoride exposure.

Thus, dental fluorosis is specifically linked to fluoride overconsumption during tooth development, making it the correct answer in this context.